• C++ Makefile Example
• Makefile Syntax Linux
• Makefile Syntax Cheat Sheet Pdf

at the request of a friend i’ve decided to dump some of my basic cmake knowledge. this isinformation i’ve picked up from supercollider, personal projects, and tutorial videos, but itdoesn’t seem to be immediately accessible unless you know what you’re looking for. Street fighter iv.

for each bit i’ll be using the most recent notation available, as far as i know it. i’m alsointentionally keeping this post short so it can serve as a cheat sheet - that’s why, for instance,i’m not listing every possible compiler id or command variation.

CSS Style sheet: style/style.css Takes care of styling the cheat sheet, with tabs effects, sprites, etc; gets minified through YUIcompressor (in Makefile) into style/all.css (the one referred from the HTML frame) Script: js/start.js. This simple Makefile compiles a hello.cpp program. It also includes a clean target that removes our executable in case we want to clean up the directory. Hello: hello.cpp g -g -Wall hello.cpp -o hello clean: rm -f hello. If we’re in the same directory as our Makefile, we can run the following to compile hello.cpp.

contents:

config and build steps

most usage of cmake will consist of two types of commands: configuration and building. i don’t thinkthese are exactly the official names, but what i mean is:

compiler ids

to figure out what compiler CMake is using, check CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID or use a<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Foo> generator expression (see below)

build types

with CMake you can have several build types. the most important thing to know is that if you use anIDE project generator (like Visual Studio or XCode) you specify this in the build step, but forMakefiles you specify it in the config step.

each build type passes different flags to your compiler. for some ungodly reason it’s hard to findout what those are, so i’m listing them here. the only other place i can find this is on a stackoverflow answer. these are the flags for AppleClang,others should be similar.

you can find out what they are for your compiler by creating a minimum CMake project, running cmake., and reading CMakeCache.txt.

the ‘none’ flags will be passed for all build types.

don’t develop on Windows and don’t know what those flags mean? i looked them up for you:

• /DFOO - define FOO in the preprocessor
• /EHsc - catch C++ exceptions, assume extern 'C' functions never throw C++ exceptions
• /GR - enable RTTI
• /MD - make a multithreaded DLL
• /MDd - make a debug multithreaded DLL
• /O1 - optimize for size
• /O2 - optimize for speed
• /Ob0 - no auto-inlining
• /Ob1 - only inline functions that are marked inline, and C++ member functions defined in a classdeclaration
• /Ob2 - let compiler inline freely
• /Od - no optimization
• /RTC1 - run-time checking: report when a variable is used without being initialized, and stackframe run-time error checking. See theirsite for more details.
• /W3 - use warning level 3 (out of 4), “production quality”
• /Zi - generate “complete debugging information”, like -g for clang/gcc

passing flags to the compiler or linker

sometimes you want to force a flag to be passed to the compiler or linker. while some compilersalso let you specify these using environment variables, other times you just want to test outwhether adding a flag does what you want it to do. the following configuration-step flags are goodfor that:

• CMAKE_C_FLAGS/CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS - used by the compiler
• CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS - used by the linker when linking executables
• CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS - used by linker when linking shared object libraries
• CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS - used by linker when linking modules (i don’t know what this means)
• CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS - used by linker when linking static object libraries

you can also edit the cache directly to set these if you don’t want to go through an entireconfiguration step again.

you can also use the environment variables CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, and LDFLAGS, but those only workon the first configuration and are therefore useless in my opinion.

using boost

find_package will take care of everything else for you: include directories, finding thelibraries, etc.

you can set some variables pre-command to configure what libs are linked. some of interest may be:

• Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED - ON by default, set to OFF to use non-multithreaded libs
• Boost_STATIC_LIBS - OFF by default, set to ON to force-use static libraries
• Boost_DEBUG - get debug output from the find_package command

adding tests

enable_testing| add_test| CTest manual

after building, you can now you can execute ctest in the build directory to run the tests.

for a more sophisticated project you will want to hide this behind a flag so that end users don’thave to build your tests if they don’t want to.

setting compiler options

target_compile_definitions| target_compile_options

use target_compile_definitions for preprocessor definitions, target_compile_options for actualcompiler options.

these are close to real commands i’ve used:

using generator expressions

i think the docs here are quite good actually, and the list is too long to go over here.

generator expressions are fantastic; they let you succinctly write informational messages andconditional expressions. take the example i gave in the previous section:

the inner expression evaluates to either 1 or 0, and a generic expression like $<X:STR> will onlyevaulate to STR if X is 1. overall, this evaluates to the flag -Wno-psabi iff the compiler isgcc; otherwise it evaluates to nothing.

this is a lot simpler and clearer than writing:

note: unlike most of CMake, you can’t just coerce things on the left hand side of one of thesethings to true or false; it has to be exactly 0 or 1. there’s a special expression, $<BOOL:foo>,for just that purpose.

C++ Makefile Example

setting the c++ standard

note: added in cmake 3.1.

Makefile Syntax Linux

putting it all together

Makefile Syntax Cheat Sheet Pdf

a sample cmake file for a project using the boost unit testing lib: